Liquid cooled engine cylinder



Jan. 9, 1940. Q N, FURAY 2,186,784

LIQUID COOLED ENGINE CYLINDER Filed April 19, 1958 5 Sheets-Sheet 1INVENTOR.

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A TTORNEY Jan. 9, 1940. c. N. FURAY 2,186,784

LIQUID COOLED ENGINE CYLINDER Filed April 19, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 2mvmm' LTBI'INFZIPW m 4 M A TTORNE Y C. N. FURAY Jan. 9, 1940.

Filed April 19. 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR.

Patented Jan. 9, 1940 PATENT OFFICE LIQUID COOLED ENGINE CYLINDER CarlN. Furay, Manchester, Conn, assignor to United Aircraft Corporation,East Hartford, Conn., a corporation of Delaware Application April 19,1938, Serial No. 202,875

16 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in liquid cooled engine cylindersand has particular reference to an improved cooling arrangement for theliquid cooled cylinders of a sleeve valve engine.

An object of the invention resides in the provision of improved meansfor circulating the cooling liquid in the space between the cylinder andthe water jacket.

A further object resides in the provision of improved means for guidingthe flow of cooling liquid about the cylinder ports, or other heatedobstructions in the water space.

An additional object resides in the provision of an improved coolingarrangement which is completely reversible so that it may be used on anupright or an inverted cylinder with equal facility.

Other objects and advantages will be more particularly pointed outhereinafter or will become apparent as the description proceeds.

In the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals are usedto designate similar parts throughout, there is illustrated, by way ofexample, what is now considered to be the preferred mechanicalembodiment of the invention. The drawings however are for the purpose ofillustratlon only and are not to be taken as limiting or restricting theinvention as set forth in the appended claims.

In the drawings, Fig. l is an elevational view of an engine cylinderwith a portion of the water jacket broken away to more clearlyillustrate the constructional features.

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the cylinder and waterjacket illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 looking in thedirection of the arrows, a

fragmentary portion of the figure being shown in l generally indicatesan engine cylinder provided with terminal flanges l4 and I6 andsurrounded intermediate the flanges by a water jacket l8 spaced from theexterior surface of the cylinder to provide a space for the flow ofcooling liquid about the cylinder.

Intermediate its length the cylinder I0 is pierced by a ring ofseparate, spaced apart ports.

In the construction illustrated there are two exhaust ports, and 22, andthree intake ports,- 24, 26, and 28. Each port is surrounded by anoutwardly extending boss, as indicated by for the exhaust ports, and by32 for the intake ports. The exterior of the exhaust port bosses are 01irregular outline having curves and reentrant portions while the intakeports bosses are substantially rectangular in form. The water jacket I!is provided with apertures conforming in outline to the inner edges ofthe various exhaust and intake port bosses 30 and 32 and the edge of thewater jacket surrounding these apertures is secured to the bosses bysuitable means such as by welding or brazing. The ends of the waterjacket 18 are also securely attached to the cylinder l0 adjacent to itsflanged ends, as indicated at 34 and 38, by suitable means such aswelding, soldering or brazing.

The cooling liquid is admitted at one end of the space between thecylinder and the water jacket and is vented at the opposite end of thisspace. Two tubes or conduits, as indicated at 38 and 40, are providedfor conducting the cooling liquid to and from the cylinder. Asparticularly illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3, the tubes are located nearthe opposite ends of the cylinder and are both disposed substantiallytangential to the circular cross-sectional outline of the cylinder.While it is not essential that the outlet tube be so tangentiallydisposed, it is quite essential that the inlet tubes be so disposed asto direct the flow of cooling liquid in a tangential direction into thespace between the cylinder and the water jacket so that the coolingliquid will flow in a generally spiral manner about the cylinder as itpasses from the inlet tube to the outlet tube. In order however, thatthe cooling arrangement may be completely reversible it becomesessential that both tubes be tangentially disposed with respect to thecylinder since, when the cylinder is used in an upright position, thecooling liquid will preferably be introduced through the tube 38 anddischarged through the tube 40' but, when the cylinder is used in aninverted position, the tube 40 becomes the inlet tube and the tube 38the outlet.

As the conduits 38 and 40 are located upon opposite sides of the ring ofports and, as the bosses 30 and 32 surrounding the ports extend entirelyacross the space between the outer surface of the cylinder and the innersurface of the' water jacket l8, it is apparent that the cooling liquid,in flowing from the inlet conduit to the outlet conduit must flowthroughthe spaces between the adjacent port bosses, that is, through theinter-port spaces between the cylinder and the water Jacket. The coolingliquid flowing in a generally spiral direction through the interportportions of the space between the cylinder 6 and the water jacketcontacts the outer surfaces of the port bosses and carries the excessheat away from the ports as well as from the outer surface of thecylinder. It has been found however that, due to the irregular shape ofthe exhaust port bosses and the angular forms of the intake port bosses,the flow of cooling liquid past the bosses tends to divide up intodistinct streams with consequent eddys and stagnation areas resulting inair and steam pockets. It is among the objects of the present inventionto provide improved means for guiding the flow of cooling fluid past theport bosses in such a manner that eddy currents and the formation of airand vapor pockets is avoided. This is accomplished by providing at eachside of the ring of ports a plurality of diagonally disposed guidevanes, as generally indicated at 42 and 44 in Fig. 1 and moreparticularly illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 4 and 5, the I diagonal guide vanes42 and 44 are disposed at an angle substantially the same as the pitchof the spiral flow of the cooling liquid about the cylinder. As theintake ports 24, 26, and 28 present no serious cooling problem it isonly necessary in connection with them to provide means for preservingthe spiral form of the cooling liquid flow and prevent a disruption ofthis general form of flow due to the passing of the cooling liquidthrough the relatively narrow inter-port spaces. In order to accomplishthe above purpose in connection with the intake ports, a pair ofdiagonal guide vanes is associated with each intake port boss, extendingfrom diagonally opposite corners of the rectangular bosses in thedirection of the spiral flow of the cooling liquid. The guide vanesassociated with the port 24 are particularly indicated by the numerals46 and 46, those associated with the intake port 26 by the numerals 66and 62, and those associated with the intake port 28 by the numerals 64and 66. As is clearly shown in Figs. 4 and 5 the guide vane 46terminates at one end against the lower right hand corner of the boss ofthe port 24 and extends below and beyond the lower left hand corner ofthe boss of the port 26 to provide between the guide vanes and theadjacent corner of the boss 26 a fluid passage as indicated by thearrows. The guide vane 60 cooperates in a similar manner with the bossesof the ports 26 and 28, and the guide vane 64 extends from the lowerright hand corner of the boss of the port 28 beyond and below the bottomtip of the boss of the exhaust port 22. In a similar manner the guidevane 62 extends from the upper left hand corner of the boss of the port26 above and beyond the upper right hand corner of the boss of the port24 to provide between the guide vanes and the adjacent corner of theboss 9. fluid passage as shown by the arrows. The passage between theguide vanes 46 and 62 and the adjacent corners of the respective bossesof the ports 26 and 24 are connected by the inter-port space between thebosses of the ports 24 and 26 so that fluid entering the passage betweenthe guide vane 46 and the boss of the port 26, as shown in Fig. 4, afterflowing through the inter-port space is redirected into the same 7spiral direction by the guide vane 62 as it flows out through the spacebetween the guide vane 62 and the adjacent corner of the boss of theport :4. That the same result is obtained when the direction of thefluid flow is reversed is clearly indicated by the arrows on Fig. 6. Theguide -vane 66 cooperates with the bosses of the ports 26 and 28 in thesame manner in which the guide vane 62 cooperates with the bosses of theports 26 and 24 as explained above.

As stated above, there is no particular problem in connection with thecooling of the intake ports so that the guide vanes 46 to 66 inclusiveare adequate to control the flow of the cooling liquid in a satisfactorymanner.

The guide vanes for controling the flow of the cooling liquid about theexhaust ports are particularly indicated at 66, 66, 62, and 64respectively. Due to the irregular shape of the exhaust port bosses andthe large amount of heat to be carried away by the cooling liquid. theguide vanes for directing the flow of the cooling liquid about theexhaust ports'are given a special construction and arrangement. In theiirst place it will be noted that the guide vanes 66 and 62 tions of therespective exhaust port bosses to provide relatively restricted fluidpassages between the ends of the guide vanes and the respective bosses.The guide vane 64 also terminates somewhat short of the adjacent upperleft hand comer of the boss of the exhaust port 26 to provide a similarAlso the guide vane 68 is somewhat extended and has its end opposite theboss of the port 22 brought relatively near the guide vane 64 to providea somewhat restricted passage between this end of the guide vane 68 andthe guide vane 64. A similar restriction is provided between the outerend of the guide vane 46 and the adjacent guide vane 64. It has beenfound that a probable location for the formation of eddys and vaporpockets lies in the curve of the reentrance portions 66 and 16 of therespective exhaust port bosses of the ports 22 and 26. A divergent flowthrough the respective passages I2 and 14 has been found effective inremoving the eddys and vapor pockets from these locations. The directionof flow through the passages 12 and 14 is controlled by the restrictionsprovided in the passages I6, 18 and 86. Thus the restrictions in thepassages 18 and 80 in cooperation with the relatively unrestrictedpassage 62 cause a pressure differential on the opposite sides of thepassage 14 which terminate somewhat short of the adjacent porcauses thecooling liquid to flow through this passage in a direction from right toleft as shown in Fig. 4. Similarly, the restricted passage 16,cooperating with the relatively unrestricted passage 84, causes a flowof liquid through the passsage 12 in the same direction. A similarcooperation betwen the passages 16 and 62 causes a flow of liquid in theright to left hand direction through the passage 86 between the guidevane 64 and the boss of the port 26. The flow of cooling liquid in thedirection indicated through the passages 12, 14 and 86 continuouslyremoves the tendency of the cooling liquid to stagnate or eddy in thecorners provided by the irregular contour of the exhaust port bosses andsubjects these bosses to the contact of a continuous stream of coolingliquid around their entire circumferences thus continuously andeifectively removing the excess heat from the exhaust port bosses.

The above description applies to Fig. 5 in an obvious manner since theconstruction is the same and only the direction of liquid flow has beenreversed.

The intake ports 24, 26 and 26 are overlapped mica-res by an intakemanifold OI terminating above the plane of the section shown in Fig. 8in a flanged opening 80 for connection to an intake header. notillustrated. Each of the exhaust ports 20 and 22 is connected with aflanged exhaust stack,

as indicated at 92 and 94 respectively.

While a particular mechanical embodiment has been illustrated anddescribed for the purpose of disclosing the invention, it is to beunderstood that the invention is'in no way limited to the particularembodiment so illustrated and described but that such changes in thesize, shape and arrangement of parts may be resorted to as come withinthe scope of the appended claims.

Having now described the invention so that others skilled in the art mayclearly understand the same what it is desired to secure by Letters 7Patent is as follows. I

What is claimed is:

1. In a water-cooled engine cylinder, a water jacket surrounding saidcylinder and spaced therefrom, a ring of ports extending through saidcylinder and said water jacket, and a plurality of guide vanes arrangedabout said ports between said cylinder and said jacket for guidingcooling fluid around said ports.

2. In a water-cooled engine cylinder, a water jacket surrounding saidcylinder and spaced therefrom, a ring of spaced apart ports locatedintermediate the length of said cylinder at least some of which have anirregular outline, said ports extending through said cylinder and saidwater jacket, means providing a spiral flow of cooling liquid about saidcylinder, and a plurality of spirally arranged guide vanes at both sidesof said ring of ports for guiding said cooling liquid along the sides ofsaid ports and avoiding stagnation areas adjacent to said ports ofirregular outline.

3. In a water-cooled engine cylinder, a water jacket surrounding saidcylinder and spaced therefrom, a ring of ports intermediate the lengthof said cylinder, a boss surrounding each port and extending through thespace between said [cylinder and said water jacket, and a plurality ofsurrounding said cylinder and secured thereto at its opposite ends toprovide a space for the flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder, aring of spaced apart intake'and exhaust ports intermediate the lengthofsaid cylinder, a boss surrounding each port and extending through saidcooling liquid space from said cylinder to said jacket, and a series ofguidevanes at each side of said ring of ports to guide the flow ofcooling liquid through the inter-port spaces and eliminate eddys andstagnation areas adjacent to said 4 ports, said guide vanes beingarranged to provide certain relatively restricted liquid passages andcertain relatively unrestricted liquid passages leading to and from saidinter-port spaces.

5. In a liquid-cooled engine cylinder, a jacket surrounding saidcylinder and securedthereto at its opposite ends to provide a space forthe flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder, means for introducingcooling liquid in a direction tangential to said space to provide agenerally spiral flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder and from oneend thereof to the other, a ring of spaced apart inlet and outlet portsintermediate the length of said cylinder, a boss surrounding each portand extending through said cooling liquid space from said cylinder tosaid jacket, and a series of guide vanes at each sideof said ring ofports to guide the flow of cooling liquid through the inter-port spacesto eliminate eddys and stagnation areas adjacent to said ports andmaintain said generally spiral forms of cooling liquid flow pastsaidports.

6. In a liquid-cooled engine cylinder, 9. jacket surrounding saidcylinder and secured thereto at its opposite ends to provide a space forthe flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder, means for introducingfluid in a direction tangential to said space to provide a generallyspiral flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder and from one endthereof to the other, a ring of spaced apart inlet and exhaust portsintermediate the length of said cylinder, a boss surrounding each portand extending through said cooling liquid space from said cylinder tosaid jacket, and a series of diagonally disposed guide vanes at eachside of said ring of ports extending entirely across said cooling-liquidspace toguide the flow of cooling liquid through the inter-port spacesand retain the generally spiral direction of said liquid flow, saidguide vanes being provided with apertures at particular points toprovide minor cross currents of cooling liquid directed towardsincipient stagnation areas adjacent to said ports.

'7. In a liquid-cooled engine cylinder, a jacket surrounding saidcylinder and secured thereto at its opposite end to provide a space forthe flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder, means for introducingcooling liquid in a direction tangential to said space to provide agenerally spiral direction of cooling liquid flow about said cylindcrand from one end thereof to the other, a ring of spaced apart inlet andexhaust ports intermediate the length of said cylinder, a bosssurrounding each port and extending through said cooling liquid spacefrom said cylinder to said jacket, and a series of diagonally disposedguide vanes at each side of said ring of ports to guide the fiow ofcooling liquid through the interport spaces and eliminate eddys andstagnation areas adjacent to said ports, said guide vanes being arrangedto provide some relatively restricted liquid passages and somerelatively unrestricted liquid passages leading to and from saidinter-port spaces and being provided with apertures adjacent toparticular ports to cooperate with said relatively restricted andrelatively unrestricted liquid passages to provide minor cross currentsof cooling liquid directed towards incipient stagnation areas adjacentto said ports.

8. Inga liquid-cooled engine cylinder, a jacket surrounding saidcylinderand secured thereto at its opposite ends to provide a space for the flowof cooling liquid about said cylinder, means for introducing coolingliquid in a direction tangential to said space to provide a generallyspiral flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder and from one endthereof to the other, a ring of spaced apart inlet and .exhaustportsintermediate the length of said cylinder, a boss surrounding each portand extending through said cooling liquid space from said cylinder tosaid jacket, and a series of diagonally. disposed guide vanes at eachside. of said ring of ports to guide the flow of cooling liquid throughthe inter-port spaces and eliminate eddys and stagnation areas adjacentto said ports and to maintain said generally spiral form of 'coolingliquid flow past said ports, said guide vanes being arranged in asubstantially similar manner on the opposite sides of said ring ofports.

9. In a liquid-cooled engine cylinder, a Jacket surrounding saidcylinder and secured thereto at its opposite ends to provide a. spacefor the flow of cooling liquid about said cylinder, tangentiallydisposed liquid conduits, one at each end oi said cylinder either ofwhich may beused as a liquid inlet while the other is used as the liquidoutlet, 9. ring of spaced apart intake and exhaust ports intermediatethe length of said cylinder, 9. boss surrounding each port and extendingthrough said cooling liquid space from said cylinder to said jacket, anda series of diagonally disposed guide vanes at each side of said ring ofports to guide the flow of cooling liquid through the interport spacesand eliminate eddys and stagna tion areas adjacent to said ports, saidguide vanes being arranged in a substantially similar manner on oppositesides of said ring of ports whereby the liquid cooling system for saidcylinder is rendered completely reversible.

10. In combination with a liquid-cooled engine cylinder having a ring ofintake and exhaust ports intermediate its length and a water jacketproviding an annular space for the flow of cooling liquid about saidcylinder, bosses surrounding said ports and extending through saidcooling liquid space from said cylinder to said jacket, and a series ofdiagonal guide vanes at each side of said ring of ports operativelyassociated with said bosses to guide the flow of cooling liquid throughthe inter-port spaces to maintain a generally spiral direction of saidflow and eliminate eddys and stagnation areas adjacent to said ports,said guide vanes being efiective to guide the flow of cooling liquidaround said ports in a similar manner regardless of the direction ofliquid flow.

11. In a water-cooled engine having a cylinder and a jacket surroundingsaid cylinder forming a water space between the cylinder and the jacket,a boss projecting from said cylinder into the water space, and aplurality oi guide vanes in said water'space adjacent said boss andarranged in complementary sets at each side oi. said boss in thedirection of flow for guiding cooling fluid around said boss.

12. In a liquid-cooled engine having a cylinder and a jacket surroundingsaid cylinder to provide a cooling-liquid space between said cylinderand said jacket, means providing a flow of cooling liquid through saidspace, and obstructions in said space tending to disturb the flow ofcooling liquid, means including a plurality of guide vanes in said spaceadjacent to said obstructions arranged in complementary sets at' eachside of the obstructions in the direction of flow for maintaining asmooth flow oi cooling liquid past said obstructions.

13. In a liquid-cooled engine having a cylinder and a jacket surroundingsaid cylinder to provide an annular space between said cylinder and said6 jacket, means providing a spiral flow of cooling liquid through saidannular space from one end of saidcylinder to the other, a plurality ofobstructions in said space tending to disturb the flow of coolingliquid, and means including a 10 plurality of spirally arranged guidevanes in said space adjacent to said obstructions to maintain saidspiral flow of cooling liquid and guide the cooling liquid along thesides of said obstructions.

14. In a liquid cooled engine cylinder, a water 1! jacket surroundingsaid cylinder spaced therefrom and secured thereto at its opposite endsto provide a space for the flow of cooling liquid about, said cylinder,a ring of spaced apart inlet and outlet ports extending through saidcylinder and 50 said jacket intermediate the length of said cylinder, aplurality oi guide vanes arranged about said ports between said cylinderand said jacket for guiding cooling fluid around said ports, and anintake duct for said cylinder overlapping a plurality of said intakeports and the portion of said jacket included therebetween and rigidlysecured at its edges to said jacket.

15. In a liquid-cooled engine cylinder, a jacket surrounding saidcylinder and secured thereto at its opposite ends to provide a space forthe flow oi cooling liquid about said cylinder, a ring of spaced apartinlet and outlet ports intermediate the length of said cylinder, a bosssurrounding each port and extending through said cooling liquid space,said jacket being welded to the outer faces of the inlet port bosses andprovided with apertures therethrough for said ports, and a thin walledintake duct overlapping a plurality of intake ports and the portions ofsaid jackets ineluded therebetween and welded at its edges to saidjacket around said intake ports.

16. In a liquid-cooled engine cylinder, a jacket surrounding saidcylinder and secured thereto at its opposite ends to provide a space forthe flow I of cooling liquid about said cylinder, a ring of spaced apartinlet and outlet ports intermediate the length of said cylinder, a bosssurrounding each port and extending through the cooling liquid space,and exhaust stacks welded to the outer I face of each exhaust port bossand projecting radially outward from said cylinder, said jacket beingprovided with cylindrical extensions surrounding said stacks andweldedto said stacks at the outer ends of said extensions to provide a Icooling liquid space around each exhaust stack.

CARL N. FURAY.

